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A novel metamaterial-based microwave sensor design for the characterization of lubricating engine oils and alcohols

K. SANTHOSH KUMAR1,* , M. GANESH MADHAN1

Affiliation

  1. Department of Electronics Engineering, Madras institute of technology. Anna University, Chennai-600044, India

Abstract

This work introduces a novel metamaterial structure that integrates both square and circular complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) in a hybrid arrangement, implemented on a tapered microstrip line. The proposed hybrid metamaterial sensor is employed for the characterization of engine oils and alcohols. The sensor demonstrates a maximum resonance frequency shift of 810 MHz. It achieves a sensitivity of 6.35%, when sensor probe is enclosed with used engine oil. Additionally, it effectively distinguishes different alcohol type’s methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol, based on their unique resonance frequency responses. The simulated performance of the sensor is experimentally verified, confirming its validity. The key novelties of this design include its compact structure, high-quality factor, cost-effective fabrication, and operation at a relatively lower frequency, making it highly suitable for practical industrial sensing applications..

Keywords

Microwave sensor, Hybrid CSRR, Engine oil, Alcohol, Sensitivity.

Submitted at: Feb. 24, 2025
Accepted at: Oct. 14, 2025

Citation

K. SANTHOSH KUMAR, M. GANESH MADHAN, A novel metamaterial-based microwave sensor design for the characterization of lubricating engine oils and alcohols, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials Vol. 27, Iss. 9-10, pp. 427-438 (2025)