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Design and performance analysis of a fan-shaped fractal antenna for radar systems and satellite communications

ABDELBASSET AZZOUZ1, RACHID BOUHMIDI1, MOHAMMED CHETIOUI1, REDOUANE BERBER11, AHMED JAMAL ABDULLAH AL-GBURI2,*

Affiliation

  1. Laboratory of Electronics, Advanced Signal Processing, and Microwave (LESM), Department of Telecommunications, Saida University, Saida 20000, Algeria
  2. Centre for Telecommunication Research & Innovation (CeTRI), Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Komputer (FTKEK), Universiti Teknikal, Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Jalan Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100

Abstract

This study investigates the design and performance of a compact fan-shaped antenna optimized for radar and satellite communication applications. The proposed antenna, measuring 40 × 50 × 0.8 mm³, is fabricated on an FR4 substrate and fed using a 50 Ω microstrip line. Its performance was evaluated through full-wave simulations and validated experimentally using a Vector Network Analyzer. The antenna operates effectively at multiple resonant frequencies 2.05, 3.39, 5.34, 6.37, 7.38, 8.54, and 9.85 GHz achieving return loss values between −12.91 and −24.07 dB, with corresponding VSWR values from 1.13 to 1.58. A maximum gain of 9.11 dBi and bandwidths of up to 300 MHz were observed, with close agreement between simulated and measured results..

Keywords

Fan-shaped antenna, Fractal antenna, Radar systems, Satellite communications.

Submitted at: Aug. 14, 2025
Accepted at: Feb. 4, 2026

Citation

ABDELBASSET AZZOUZ, RACHID BOUHMIDI, MOHAMMED CHETIOUI, REDOUANE BERBER1, AHMED JAMAL ABDULLAH AL-GBURI, Design and performance analysis of a fan-shaped fractal antenna for radar systems and satellite communications, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials Vol. 28, Iss. 1-2, pp. 20-30 (2026)