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High performance all optical AND gate using 2D photonic crystals

K. RAMA PRABHA1,* , S. ROBINSON1

Affiliation

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mount Zion College of Engineering and Technology, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Logic gates are essential components that execute Boolean functions by performing logical operations on binary inputs to produce a single binary output. This paper evaluates the performance of an all-optical AND gate designed using two-dimensional photonic crystals. The design is based on a triangular lattice of dielectric rods with specially designed line and point defects to perform the AND logic operation. It operates at a wavelength of 1550 nm and uses the unique ability of photonic crystals to control light for fast and efficient performance. The functionality and performance of the AND gate are studied using simulations with the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) methods. The proposed two-input and three-input AND gates achieve contrast ratios of 7.435 dB and 10.71 dB, response times of 0.24 ps and 0.56 ps, and bit rates of 4.16 Tbps and 1.78 Tbps, respectively. The compact design makes it ideal for use in optical computing and communication systems..

Keywords

AND gate, Photonic crystal, Band gap, Finite difference time domain, Plane wave expansion, Optical computing.

Submitted at: April 9, 2025
Accepted at: Dec. 4, 2025

Citation

K. RAMA PRABHA, S. ROBINSON, High performance all optical AND gate using 2D photonic crystals, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials Vol. 27, Iss. 11-12, pp. 541-556 (2025)