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Improvement in the digital acquisition of the pupillary response to controlled stimulation by means of computational tools and low-cost optoelectronics device

M. S. GOMEZ-DIAZ1, D. A. GUTIÉRREZ-HERNANDEZ2, F. J. CASILLAS-RODRIGUEZ1,* , M. MORA-GONZALEZ1, C. I. MEDEL-RUIZ1, J. MUÑOZ-MACIEL1

Affiliation

  1. Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Av. Enrique Díaz de León No. 1144, Colonia Paseos de la Montaña C.P. 47460, Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, México
  2. Tecnológico Nacional de México. Instituto Tecnológico de León. División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Avenida Tecnológico s/n, Industrial Julián de Obregón, C.P. 37290 León, Guanajuato, Méx

Abstract

There are various electronic devices developed with state-of-the-art technology, which can be used inside and outside a hospital, with which a medical diagnosis can be obtained by monitoring vital signs in patients. Such medical devices make it possible to obtain information on people's health status; taking into account the most common signs, such as: blood pressure, heart rate, as well as glucose levels and oxygenation in the blood, among others. However, when it is necessary to make a diagnosis related to mental, ocular and some other health conditions, more sophisticated equipment is required, limiting the scope for access due to its level of specialization and disposition in the medical area. This article proposes the use of pupillometry; as a non-invasive technique, to analyze the response of the photomotor reflex by means of LED flash stimuli in healthy individuals. Through the implementation of an experimental prototype of a low-cost pupillometer, pupillary images of the dominant eye were obtained in 13 people of both genders. This prototype includes a 2 mega-pixel (MP) web camera, a lighting system composed of infrared and RGB led diodes, with which the recording of images in low-light environments is possible, as well as the induction of stimuli for the study of the behavior of the motor reflex, respectively. As results, the design and implementation of a robust algorithm that is capable of estimating the diameters of the pupil is shown, taking into consideration its previous diameters or the variation of its position due to involuntary movements of the subject and recovering samples of information lost due to blinking or partially occluded pupils during image registration. This process has a segmentation performance of 90.5% for all the images acquired. Additionally, with the proposed algorithm, pupillary behavior can be defined through the features of the pupillary diameters before, during and after illumination, obtaining the average impact among the analyzed subjects..

Keywords

Pupil light reflex, Pupillometry, Artificial vision system, Image segmentation, LED flash stimuli.

Submitted at: Aug. 8, 2022
Accepted at: Aug. 10, 2023

Citation

M. S. GOMEZ-DIAZ, D. A. GUTIÉRREZ-HERNANDEZ, F. J. CASILLAS-RODRIGUEZ, M. MORA-GONZALEZ, C. I. MEDEL-RUIZ, J. MUÑOZ-MACIEL, Improvement in the digital acquisition of the pupillary response to controlled stimulation by means of computational tools and low-cost optoelectronics device, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials Vol. 25, Iss. 7-8, pp. 340-349 (2023)