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Investigation of a triangular lattice photonic crystal patch antenna for terahertz communication systems

N. S. YOGA ANANTH1,* , P. KARUPPASAMY2

Affiliation

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P. S. R. Engineering College, Sivakasi, India
  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Adithya Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract

A more efficient utilization of carrier frequencies to transmit data has recently emerged in the wireless bearer domain. The current research focuses on wireless communication with substantial data speeds and enhanced security. This article concentrates on designing a triangular lattice Photonic crystal (PhC) antenna structure and conducting subsequent research on its performance. The article offered a unique patch integrated with a diamond air holes PhC structure using the CST tool. The investigation of the proposed antenna is carried out using distinct sizes of diamond air holes and lattice constants of triangular PhC structure. In scenario 1, the diamond air hole in the triangular lattice PhC antenna design is varied between 2 and 6 µm in size to determine the optimal PhC antenna. Whereas, in scenario 2, the lattice value is varied from 13 to 23 µm. Based on the simulated results of two cases, the optimal PhC antenna produces the extreme results of -70.69 dB return loss (RL), 1.0058 voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and 8.74 dBi gain at 2.1 THz frequency. The proposed antenna frequency 2.1 THz is highly appropriate for future beyond 6G communication with enhanced data rate from giga to tera bits. The frequency band between 1-3 THz is optimal for various sensing and imaging applications. Especially 2.1 THz is great choice of non-destructive testing, hidden object detection since THz waves does not harm to humans..

Keywords

Terahertz frequency, Patch antenna, Photonic crystals, Triangular lattice, Lattice constant.

Submitted at: June 26, 2025
Accepted at: Feb. 4, 2026

Citation

N. S. YOGA ANANTH, P. KARUPPASAMY, Investigation of a triangular lattice photonic crystal patch antenna for terahertz communication systems, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials Vol. 28, Iss. 1-2, pp. 31-41 (2026)