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Judd-Ofelt analysis, concentration quenching behavior, and thermal stability of red-emitting Sm3+-doped BaZnGeO4 phosphors

SHENGYI LIU1,* , DUAN GAO2, HAN YIN1, XIN CHEN3, XILAI ZHANG4, JIADE DONG1, LI WANG1, WENBIN SONG1, HAOYU LIU1, YUYANG GONG1, SHENGLI ZHEN1

Affiliation

  1. School of Intelligence and Electronic Engineering, Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, China
  2. Department of Public Security Management, Liaoning Police College, Dalian, Liaoning 116036, China
  3. College of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, China
  4. School of Electrical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia

Abstract

Sm3+-doped BaZnGeO4 phosphors with various Sm3+ doping concentration were synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the single-phase BaZnGeO4 structure with no impurities. Photoluminescence spectra showed concentration quenching behavior, where dipole-dipole interactions were identified as the main energy transfer mechanism between Sm3+ ions. Thermal stability analysis revealed that the thermal quenching of the Sm3+ 4G5/2 level follows a crossover process, with an activation energy (ΔE) of 0.24 eV, as described by the Arrhenius model. Additionally, Judd-Ofelt analysis provided the optical transition probabilities and radiative characteristics of Sm3+ in the BaZnGeO4 host, with calculated Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, 6) values of 6.83 × 10-20 cm2, 5.10 × 10-20 cm2, and 2.80 × 10-20 cm2..

Keywords

BaZnGeO4, Concentration quenching, Judd-Ofelt parameter, Luminescence thermal quenching.

Submitted at: Nov. 4, 2025
Accepted at: Aug. 4, 2026

Citation

SHENGYI LIU, DUAN GAO, HAN YIN, XIN CHEN, XILAI ZHANG, JIADE DONG, LI WANG, WENBIN SONG, HAOYU LIU, YUYANG GONG, SHENGLI ZHEN, Judd-Ofelt analysis, concentration quenching behavior, and thermal stability of red-emitting Sm3+-doped BaZnGeO4 phosphors, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials Vol. 28, Iss. 7-8, pp. 350-365 (2026)